Top Solid-State Battery Companies Advancing Next-Gen Energy Storage in 2026

1. Introduction

Overview of the Global Solid-State Battery Industry

The global solid-state battery industry is moving from laboratory development into pilot manufacturing, customer qualification, and real-vehicle testing, but automotive-scale commercialization remains limited in 2026. Global electric-vehicle battery deployment reached 1.2 TWh in 2025, increasing almost 30% from the previous year, yet all-solid-state batteries still represent a small prototype-stage portion of that volume. Current all-solid-state programs use sulfide, oxide, ceramic, polymer, and hybrid electrolyte architectures, with the automotive sector providing the largest development pipeline. Aerospace, defense, medical implants, robotics, consumer electronics, and industrial devices are also emerging as early applications where improved energy density or safety can justify higher initial manufacturing complexity.

The industry's maturity is better measured through pilot lines and qualification programs than commercial shipment volumes. QuantumScape inaugurated its Eagle pilot line in February 2026, Factorial placed solid-state cells into a Dodge Charger Daytona development vehicle during June 2026, Ilika operates a 1.5 MWh automated Goliath pilot line, Honda has constructed a 27,400-square-meter demonstration facility, and ProLogium already operates a GWh-class next-generation battery factory in Taiwan. The International Energy Agency still characterizes all-solid-state systems as requiring demonstration at manufacturing and pack scale, indicating that competition in 2026 centers on production yield, interface control, cell pressure, fast charging, cycle life, safety, and manufacturability rather than only laboratory energy-density records.

Market Evolution and Growth Drivers

Solid-state batteries have advanced because the conventional lithium-ion industry is now operating at enormous scale while vehicle manufacturers continue to seek higher specific energy, faster charging, reduced pack mass, and improved safety. Electric-car sales exceeded 20 million units in 2025, representing 25% of global new-car sales, and EV battery deployment was more than 7 times the level recorded in 2020. This installed market gives solid-state developers a large future application base, but it also creates a difficult benchmark because conventional lithium-ion batteries continue improving in cost and performance. As a result, solid-state technologies must demonstrate benefits at automotive cell sizes while using production processes capable of competing with highly optimized lithium-ion factories.

Industrial momentum increased during 2024–2026 as companies moved from coin cells and laboratory pouches toward multi-layer automotive cells, automated pilot equipment, and vehicle integration. QuantumScape's QSE-5 B-sample achieved 844 Wh/L and 301 Wh/kg in a fully packaged cell, while Factorial validated 77 Ah cells at 375 Wh/kg and completed 15%–90% charging in 18 minutes under specified testing conditions. Toyota continues targeting commercialization during 2027–2028, Samsung SDI plans all-solid-state mass production during the second half of 2027, and Japan's revised 2026 battery strategy targets full-scale solid-state commercialization around 2030. These milestones illustrate a transition from proving electrochemistry toward proving repeatable manufacturing and vehicle-level durability.

2. Top 5 Latest Trends in the Solid-State Battery Industry

1. Real-World Vehicle Testing of Solid-State Cells

2. Lithium-Metal Anodes and Higher Energy Density

3. Pilot-Line Automation and Manufacturing Yield

4. Fast Charging with Wider Temperature Performance

5. Cross-Industry Partnerships and Technology Licensing

Trend 1: Real-World Vehicle Testing of Solid-State Cells

One of the most important changes among the Top Companies in the Solid-State Battery Industry is the transition from laboratory cycling into real vehicles. During 2026, Stellantis integrated Factorial FEST cells into a Dodge Charger Daytona development vehicle and began road testing for safety, reliability, charging, and calibration. Mercedes-Benz separately demonstrated more than 1,200 km of real-world driving on a single charge using Factorial technology in a lightly modified vehicle. BMW has tested Solid Power technology in an i7 development vehicle, while QuantumScape demonstrated its solid-state technology in a motorcycle before expanding collaborations with automotive partners. Real-world testing exposes batteries to vibration, temperature swings, rapid power demand, pressure changes, repeated charging, crash-design requirements, and pack-management constraints that cannot be fully replicated by laboratory cell cycling.

Trend 2: Lithium-Metal Anodes and Higher Energy Density

Lithium-metal architectures are becoming central to solid-state development because removing a conventional graphite anode can increase the proportion of active energy-storing material inside the cell. QuantumScape's 5 Ah QSE-5 B-sample measures 301 Wh/kg and 844 Wh/L at the packaged-cell level, while Factorial's tested FEST cells reached 375 Wh/kg. Factorial's Solstice all-solid-state platform targets 450 Wh/kg, and Blue Solutions' GEN4 roadmap also targets approximately 450 Wh/kg. Toyota has stated that its all-solid-state development aims for approximately a 20% improvement in cruising range compared with its planned high-performance liquid-electrolyte battery and charging from 10% to 80% in 10 minutes or less. These targets explain why premium EV, aviation, defense, and robotics applications are attracting early solid-state programs where pack weight and energy density carry substantial operational value.

Trend 3: Pilot-Line Automation and Manufacturing Yield

Manufacturing yield has become as important as chemistry because an advanced cell cannot reach commercial scale if separators, interfaces, coatings, or multilayer assemblies have high rejection rates. QuantumScape inaugurated the Eagle Line in February 2026 using its automated Cobra separator-production process as a blueprint for future licensed GWh manufacturing. Ilika completed commissioning of a 1.5 MWh automated Goliath pilot line in October 2025 and subsequently reported a 93% manufacturing success rate for an initial 10 Ah prototype batch. ProLogium's ceramic-separator manufacturing architecture has demonstrated pilot-line yields of 99.9% in a specific process and operates a GWh-class plant in Taiwan. Factorial has likewise emphasized that moving from 10% to 90% production yield creates a 9-fold difference in manufacturing efficiency when other variables remain equal. Scale-up capability is therefore becoming a decisive competitive filter.

Trend 4: Fast Charging with Wider Temperature Performance

Solid-state developers are increasingly validating multiple performance metrics simultaneously rather than optimizing energy density alone. QuantumScape's QSE-5 B-sample demonstrated 10%–80% charging in 12.2 minutes, while Factorial's 77 Ah FEST cells achieved 15%–90% charging in 18 minutes and were validated across temperatures from -30°C to 45°C. Toyota is targeting 10-minute-or-less charging for its planned all-solid-state BEV battery, while Blue Solutions' GEN4 platform is designed for charging rates reaching 3C. These specifications matter because a cell that delivers high specific energy but requires slow charging, elevated operating temperature, or restrictive pressure may not reduce total vehicle complexity. The next competitive stage will therefore evaluate fast charging together with cycle life, thermal stability, pressure requirements, manufacturability, calendar life, and power performance rather than treating any single laboratory metric as sufficient evidence of commercial readiness.

Trend 5: Cross-Industry Partnerships and Technology Licensing

Solid-state commercialization increasingly depends on partnerships between battery developers, automakers, materials suppliers, and high-volume manufacturers. Toyota and Idemitsu have worked jointly on sulfide solid electrolytes with commercialization targeted for 2027–2028. Solid Power collaborates with BMW, SK On, and Samsung SDI and completed site acceptance testing of an SK On pilot cell line in 2026. QuantumScape operates a licensing-oriented strategy with Volkswagen's PowerCo and signed a multi-year joint research agreement with Honda in June 2026. Factorial works with Mercedes-Benz, Stellantis, Hyundai, and Kia, representing 4 major automotive groups or brands within its core strategic customer network. This partnership model reduces the need for every technology developer to independently build vehicle platforms, electrolyte factories, cell gigafactories, and global validation infrastructure, while allowing automakers to evaluate multiple solid-state chemistries before committing to mass production.

3. Top 10 Companies in the Solid-State Battery Industry

The following companies are not presented as a strict numerical ranking. They are selected according to solid-state cell technology, pilot manufacturing, automotive validation, intellectual property, electrolyte expertise, partnerships, production readiness, and direct relevance to future commercial deployment.

1. Toyota Motor Corporation

Company Overview: Toyota was founded in 1937 and employed 390,927 people on a consolidated basis as of March 31, 2026. Headquarters: Toyota City, Aichi, Japan. Core Solid-State Battery Expertise: Toyota has researched all-solid-state technology since 2006 and focuses on sulfide solid electrolytes, high-power battery structures, durability, and vehicle integration. Major Products and Services: Toyota is developing an all-solid-state BEV battery with a target commercialization period of 2027–2028 and collaborates with Idemitsu on electrolyte manufacturing and supply-chain development. Its published development target includes charging from 10% to 80% in 10 minutes or less and approximately 20% greater cruising range than Toyota's planned performance battery, with an additional higher-level specification under research.

2. QuantumScape Corporation

Company Overview: QuantumScape was founded in 2010 and has remained based in San Jose, California since its formation. Headquarters: San Jose, California, United States. Core Solid-State Battery Expertise: The company develops an anode-free lithium-metal architecture using a proprietary solid ceramic separator designed to form the lithium-metal anode during charging. Major Products and Services: QSE-5 is its first planned commercial cell and has demonstrated 5 Ah capacity, 844 Wh/L volumetric energy density, 301 Wh/kg gravimetric energy density, and 10%–80% charging in 12.2 minutes. QuantumScape inaugurated its automated Eagle Line in February 2026 and uses the Cobra separator process as the manufacturing basis for higher-volume customer samples and eventual licensed production through industrial partners.

3. Solid Power, Inc.

Company Overview: Solid Power was founded in 2011 as a University of Colorado Boulder spinout and operates facilities in Louisville and Thornton, Colorado. Headquarters: Louisville, Colorado, United States. Core Solid-State Battery Expertise: The company develops sulfide solid electrolytes, all-solid-state cell designs, and manufacturing processes intended to remain compatible with conventional battery-production equipment. Major Products and Services: Solid Power's Thornton site was designed for electrolyte manufacturing capacity reaching 30 metric tons annually, while its 2026 roadmap includes commissioning a continuous sulfide-electrolyte pilot-production line. During the first quarter of 2026 it completed site acceptance testing for an SK On pilot cell line and continued supplying solid electrolyte to Samsung SDI under a joint evaluation involving BMW, while BMW has operated an i7 test vehicle using Solid Power's battery technology.

4. Factorial Energy Inc.

Company Overview: Factorial's technology lineage began with a Cornell University spinout in 2013, with Factorial itself formed in 2019. Headquarters: Billerica, Massachusetts, United States. Core Solid-State Battery Expertise: Its primary platforms are FEST and Solstice, developed for automotive, aerospace, defense, robotics, and data-center applications. Major Products and Services: Automotive-scale FEST cells validated by Stellantis use a 77 Ah format and demonstrated 375 Wh/kg, charging from 15% to 90% in 18 minutes and operation from -30°C to 45°C. In June 2026, Stellantis integrated the cells into a Dodge Charger Daytona development vehicle, while a Mercedes-Benz test vehicle using Factorial technology achieved more than 1,200 km on a single charge. Factorial reports more than 150 patents and patent applications.

5. ProLogium Technology Co., Ltd.

Company Overview: ProLogium was founded in 2006 and has accumulated more than 1,100 granted and pending patents related to next-generation lithium ceramic battery technology. Headquarters: Taoyuan, Taiwan. Core Solid-State Battery Expertise: The company develops ceramic-separator and all-inorganic next-generation batteries alongside proprietary manufacturing processes. Major Products and Services: ProLogium inaugurated a GWh-class Taoyuan factory in 2024 and reported in 2026 that more than 2.4 million cells had been shipped across its technology generations since 2013. Its Dunkirk, France expansion broke ground in February 2026, with a roadmap targeting 0.8 GWh of Gen4 production in 2028, 4 GWh in 2030, and 12 GWh by 2032. The company also operates a European R&D center in Paris-Saclay.

6. Samsung SDI Co., Ltd.

Company Overview: Samsung SDI has operated in the battery and electronic-materials sector since 1970 and maintains major battery R&D activities in South Korea. Headquarters: Yongin, South Korea. Core Solid-State Battery Expertise: Samsung SDI focuses on sulfide-based all-solid-state technology incorporating proprietary anode and electrolyte designs intended to improve energy density and safety. Major Products and Services: The company's 6,500-square-meter S-Line pilot facility began development in 2022 and was completed in 2023, after which customer samples were supplied for evaluation. Samsung SDI has reported an all-solid-state design objective of 900 Wh/L and plans to begin mass production during the second half of 2027. Its 2026 strategy also identifies humanoids, mobile robots, and industrial robots as potential applications beyond premium electric vehicles.

7. Honda Motor Co., Ltd.

Company Overview: Honda was established in September 1948 and employed more than 194,000 associates on a consolidated basis in its recent corporate profile. Headquarters: Tokyo, Japan. Core Solid-State Battery Expertise: Honda develops all-solid-state battery cells, electrode-processing methods, roll pressing, modules, and manufacturing processes internally rather than relying solely on external cell suppliers. Major Products and Services: Its Sakura City demonstration line covers approximately 27,400 square meters and includes material mixing, coating, roll pressing, cell formation, and module assembly. Battery production on the demonstration equipment was scheduled to begin in January 2025, supporting deployment in electrified vehicles during the second half of the 2020s. Honda expanded its technology portfolio in June 2026 through a multi-year solid-state research agreement with QuantumScape.

8. Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.

Company Overview: Nissan was established in 1933 and employed 120,079 people on a consolidated basis as of March 31, 2026, with 23 major facilities across 12 markets. Headquarters: Yokohama, Japan. Core Solid-State Battery Expertise: Nissan conducts in-house ASSB work covering materials research, prototype cell production, pack engineering, and vehicle integration. Major Products and Services: The company's solid-state roadmap targets an EV launch by fiscal year 2028 and projects energy density approximately 2 times that of conventional lithium-ion technology, while charging time could fall to roughly one-third of existing levels. Nissan has developed a Yokohama pilot facility and previously outlined a planned production ramp toward approximately 100 MWh annually from the fiscal year beginning in 2028.

9. Blue Solutions

Company Overview: Blue Solutions has conducted solid-state battery R&D for about 30 years and has produced lithium-metal polymer solid-state batteries industrially since 2011. Headquarters: Ergué-Gabéric, Brittany, France. Core Solid-State Battery Expertise: The company has experience in polymer solid electrolytes, lithium-metal anodes, battery packs, vehicle integration, and recycling. Major Products and Services: Blue Solutions reports more than 3 million solid-state cells produced, over 600 million kilometers powered in electric transportation, approximately 450 employees, and 48,000 square meters of production space across France and Canada. Its GEN4 technology uses an ultra-thin lithium-metal anode below 20 micrometers and targets 450 Wh/kg, with start of production planned for 2030 and modular manufacturing concepts supporting future automotive scale.

10. Ilika plc

Company Overview: Ilika was founded in 2004 as a spinout from the University of Southampton and later expanded from advanced materials into specialized solid-state batteries. Headquarters: Romsey, Hampshire, United Kingdom. Core Solid-State Battery Expertise: Ilika develops Stereax miniature cells for medical and industrial devices and Goliath large-format cells for automotive, defense, and consumer applications. Major Products and Services: The company commissioned a 1.5 MWh automated Goliath pilot line in October 2025 and began shipping 10 Ah prototypes in December 2025, providing 5 times the capacity of its earlier 2 Ah cells. The first automated batch achieved a reported 93% yield, while the line can also support initial sampling of second-generation 50 Ah prototypes for customer evaluation.

4. Regional Outlook

North America

North America is a major solid-state R&D and automotive-validation center because QuantumScape, Solid Power, and Factorial are headquartered in the United States and work directly with global vehicle manufacturers. The wider regional EV market provides an important future customer base: the United States accounted for approximately 10% of global EV battery deployment in 2025, while average battery-electric car battery size in the country reached about 90 kWh. QuantumScape inaugurated its San Jose Eagle Line during February 2026, Solid Power operates 2 Colorado facilities, and Factorial completed the first North American vehicle integration of its FEST cells in a Stellantis development vehicle during June 2026. These programs give the region expertise spanning ceramic separators, sulfide electrolytes, lithium metal, manufacturing equipment, vehicle testing, and licensing.

The United States remains substantially ahead of Canada and Mexico in dedicated solid-state cell R&D, although both neighboring countries participate in the broader North American automotive and battery supply chain. Regional localization pressure increased in 2026, with Mexico raising tariffs on specified Chinese and other Asian vehicle imports while U.S. battery producers continued expanding domestic capacity. The opportunity for Canada and Mexico lies in materials processing, components, pack assembly, vehicle production, and eventual licensed manufacturing rather than immediate proprietary solid-state cell leadership. Early North American adoption is most likely in premium EVs, aerospace, defense, robotics, and applications where the additional energy density can justify manufacturing premiums before the technology becomes competitive in high-volume mass-market vehicles during the 2030s.

Europe

Europe provides a strong commercialization environment because its automotive manufacturers are actively testing solid-state technology while regional companies develop local manufacturing. Electric-car sales exceeded 4 million units in Europe during 2025, rising more than 30% and reaching 28% of total car sales. ProLogium began construction of its Dunkirk facility in February 2026, targeting 0.8 GWh of initial Gen4 production in 2028 and 4 GWh by 2030. Blue Solutions operates solid-state manufacturing in Brittany and has produced over 3 million cells since 2011, while Ilika's UK pilot facility provides 1.5 MWh of automated Goliath prototype capability. European automakers including Mercedes-Benz, BMW, and Stellantis are simultaneously performing vehicle or cell validation with Factorial and Solid Power technologies.

Regulation will influence the design of future European solid-state battery supply chains. The EU battery passport becomes mandatory for relevant electric-vehicle and industrial battery categories from February 18, 2027, requiring structured information concerning identity, technical characteristics, durability, repair, recycling, and sustainability. The European Battery Booster initiative specifically identifies solid-state batteries as an innovation area and includes a 2026 implementation roadmap. These rules could favor solid-state suppliers able to document electrolyte composition, raw-material origins, lifecycle performance, safety characteristics, and recycling pathways from the initial commercialization phase. Europe nevertheless faces the same technical challenges as other regions: achieving competitive yield, controlling interfaces, validating cycle life under realistic conditions, and scaling cells without losing laboratory performance.

Asia-Pacific

Asia-Pacific combines the world's largest EV battery manufacturing ecosystem with some of the most advanced solid-state development programs. China accounted for 60% of global EV battery deployment in 2025, while Japan and South Korea retain substantial intellectual-property and manufacturing capabilities in advanced battery chemistry. Japan revised its national battery strategy in June 2026 with a target of establishing 150 GWh per year of domestic battery manufacturing between 2030 and the mid-2030s and achieving full-scale commercialization of all-solid-state batteries around 2030. Toyota, Honda, and Nissan are each operating separate development programs, while Samsung SDI in South Korea targets mass production during the second half of 2027.

Taiwan is also becoming strategically important through ProLogium, which opened its first GWh-class next-generation battery factory in 2024 and reports more than 1,100 patents. Japan's ecosystem includes Toyota's planned 2027–2028 commercialization program and a growing sulfide-electrolyte supply chain involving Idemitsu. Honda's 27,400-square-meter demonstration line and Nissan's FY2028 vehicle target create additional domestic manufacturing knowledge. China remains a major competitive threat because its conventional battery sector already commands enormous scale and companies including BYD have announced all-solid-state vehicle plans beginning later in the decade. Asia-Pacific's advantage is therefore the combination of existing cell manufacturing, materials processing, automotive engineering, electronics, production equipment, and a large EV customer base.

Middle East & Africa

The Middle East and Africa remain early-stage markets for solid-state batteries, with current activity concentrated more heavily in EV adoption, conventional battery systems, research, and future industrial localization than dedicated all-solid-state production. Electric-car sales in the Middle East reached approximately 75,000 units in 2025, increasing over 40% year on year, while the UAE accounted for almost half of regional sales. Saudi Arabia and Qatar together represented close to 45% of Middle Eastern electric-car demand. The UAE's long-term mobility policy aims for electric vehicles to represent 50% of vehicles on its roads by 2050, creating a future application base for next-generation batteries once automotive-scale solid-state cells become commercially available.

Africa recorded approximately 25,000 electric-car sales in 2025, compared with about 4,000 in 2023, with Egypt, Morocco, and South Africa accounting for close to 70% of the regional total. South Africa introduced a 150% investment allowance for qualifying new-energy vehicle and battery manufacturing investment from March 2026 and is developing policies intended to strengthen local battery components, recycling, research, and critical-mineral processing. The current evidence suggests that African solid-state adoption will initially depend on imported cells or licensed technology rather than locally developed automotive-scale production. Over the longer term, aerospace, mining equipment, stationary industrial systems, and electric mobility could become relevant applications if manufacturing costs decline during the 2030s and local battery-material value chains mature.

5. Future Opportunities in the Solid-State Battery Industry

The most realistic future opportunity for the Top Companies in the Solid-State Battery Industry is the transition from pilot production to repeatable high-volume manufacturing. Global EV battery deployment reached 1.2 TWh in 2025 and is expected to approach 3 TWh by 2030 under stated policy conditions, creating an enormous addressable application base if solid-state technology proves commercially competitive. However, current all-solid-state cells remain more complicated to manufacture than established lithium-ion cells and can require strict pressure, interface, moisture, and process controls. Companies that improve separator throughput, automated multilayer stacking, dry-room requirements, electrolyte production, and manufacturing yield without reducing cell performance could capture licensing opportunities with existing gigafactory operators instead of building every factory independently.

New applications could create a commercialization bridge before mass-market passenger cars adopt solid-state technology. Samsung SDI plans to extend its 2027 all-solid-state platform toward humanoid and industrial robots, Factorial is expanding into defense, aerospace, robotics, and data centers, and Ilika already operates a solid-state product strategy spanning medical implants and larger transportation batteries. Weight-sensitive applications can value specific energy more highly than mainstream automobiles, while implantable devices benefit from miniaturization and solid-electrolyte safety. Factorial secured its first commercial aerospace cell order in July 2026, demonstrating that aviation and unmanned platforms may progress faster than cost-sensitive mass-market vehicles. These specialized markets can also provide production experience before GWh-scale automotive manufacturing begins.

Materials innovation and artificial intelligence offer another pathway. Solid Power presented on AI materials discovery for solid-state batteries in June 2026, while manufacturers are evaluating sulfides, oxides, ceramics, polymers, lithium-metal architectures, silicon-rich anodes, and higher-loading cathodes. Analytical expectations should remain separate from verified commercialization targets, but AI-assisted materials screening could shorten the number of laboratory iterations needed to identify stable electrolyte-electrode combinations. Verified corporate targets already provide a measurable timeline: Samsung SDI plans production during the second half of 2027, Toyota targets commercialization by 2027–2028, ProLogium plans 0.8 GWh of Dunkirk production in 2028 and 4 GWh in 2030, while Blue Solutions targets GEN4 start of production in 2030.

Regulation, recycling, and supply-chain localization will also create opportunities through 2027–2035. Europe introduces mandatory battery passports for relevant EV batteries in February 2027, and Japan's 2026 industrial strategy targets a domestic battery manufacturing base of 150 GWh per year from 2030 into the mid-2030s. Blue Solutions reports a demonstrated lithium-metal recovery rate of 90% in its recycling process, providing an example of how next-generation batteries can be designed alongside material-recovery systems. Suppliers that combine higher energy density with traceability, lower critical-material exposure, recyclable architectures, documented safety, and regional manufacturing may have stronger long-term positioning than technologies optimized only for maximum laboratory cell performance.

6. Conclusion

The solid-state battery industry in 2026 is advancing from laboratory research toward pilot production and vehicle-level validation, but it has not yet displaced conventional lithium-ion technology at meaningful automotive scale. Global EV battery deployment reached 1.2 TWh in 2025, creating a large future market, while solid-state development is progressing through measurable milestones such as QuantumScape's Eagle Line, Factorial's 77 Ah automotive cells, ProLogium's GWh-class factory, Honda's 27,400-square-meter demonstration line, and Ilika's 1.5 MWh automated pilot facility. The 5 major trends—real-world testing, lithium-metal energy density, manufacturing yield, fast charging, and industrial partnerships—show that commercial success now depends on integrating electrochemistry with repeatable manufacturing and practical pack engineering.

The Top Companies in the Solid-State Battery Industry approach commercialization from different directions: Toyota, Honda, Nissan, and Samsung SDI combine internal R&D with large manufacturing organizations; QuantumScape, Solid Power, and Factorial specialize in differentiated next-generation architectures; ProLogium is scaling ceramic technology across Taiwan and Europe; Blue Solutions brings more than 3 million cells of solid-state production experience; and Ilika targets both miniature and automotive formats. Asia-Pacific currently has the deepest manufacturing ecosystem, Europe combines industrial projects with 2027 battery-passport regulation, North America provides major startup and vehicle-validation capability, and Middle Eastern and African adoption remains comparatively early. The period from 2027 through 2030 will therefore be defined by production yield, cycle durability, fast charging, interface stability, safety, licensing, materials supply, and the ability to move verified prototype performance into repeatable commercial manufacturing.